Status display panel indicating performance as a function of time with record feature

ABSTRACT

The device of the present invention, termed a resuscigraph, coordinates and organizes systematically the effort of an individual or, more typically, a team of individuals in the performance of a given job involving multiple operations to be done either simultaneously or in a certain sequence as in the case of an attempt to resuscitate a person suffering a cardiac arrest, a common event in nearly every hospital. It is particularly useful in circumstances where the job to be done is of an emergency nature or where limitations of time, lack of personnel for purely coordinating purposes, or other factors, limit verbal intercommunication between team members.

I I 1 United States Patent m1 3,680,084 Franklin et al. 51 July, 1972[541 STATUS DISPLAY PANEL INDICATING a,s24,|as s/mo Ehni ...340/l66 RPERFORMANCE AS A FUNCTION OF 3,255,442 6/ I966 Kimberlin ..340/309.4

3,579,0l9 5/l97l Scarhrough... .,.340;340/38l-38l X TIME mm RECORD IURE3,175,209 3/l965 Bramers "350/334 [72] Inventors: Denis Franklin, 510Hazel Ave, Millbrae, 2,698.9!5 ll I955 Piper ..3l5/362 Calif. 94030;Jerald S. Glagald, I36 2,892,968 6/1959 Kallman et al. ..3l5/ I69 RMerced Drive, San Bruno, Calif. 94066; 2,859,385 ll/l958 Bentley....3l5ll69 TV Ronald B. Oxenltam, 89 Perita Drive, Daly 3.l8l,l344/l965 Le Saint et al 340/332 X City, Calif. 940l5; Raymond E. Rogers,2126 C" 62nd Ave, Oakland, CI. Primary Examiner-John W. Caldwell 3Assislanl Examiner-William M. Wannisky Anorney-Eckhofl' and Hoppe 22Filed: Aug. 3, 1910 211 Appl. No.: 60,323 1 ABSTRACT The device of thepresent invention, termed a resuscigraph, l, 4 .4, 340 minim and "8Ymmaficflly of an :L: 340/38 3 dividual or, more typically, a team ofindividuals in the per- [58] M oscmh 340/3 166 325 309A 365 formance ofa given job involving multiple operations to be 340/323 332 3 doneeither simultaneously or in a certain sequence as in the 2 PD 92 ME zT.'346/'33. is 2 i 2 A 21 P: case of!!! attempt l0 resuscitate 8PQI'SOII sulfering I cardiac 315/362 f i arrest, a common event innearly every hospital. It is particularly useful in circumstances wherethe job to be done is of an 56] Ram Cm emergency nature or wherelimitations of time, lack of personnel for purely coordinating purposes,or other factors, limit UNITED ST 55 p gpn-s verbal intercommunicationbetween team members.

3,475,747 lO/ 1 969 Kratomi ..340/309.4 6 Claims, 6 Drawing FiguresOnuooooo a a n.- a as a a as as as la Alan a a PATENTEDJuws 19123.680.084

sum 1 or 4 Z7 RE! 79 51 ELMSED TIME oAAAASAAAA AA A AAAA AA A AAAA AAAAAA INVENTORS DEN/5 FRANKLIN J ERALD 5. G/NGOLD BY F RONALD 5. oxzmmm I I2 MONO E. ROGERS STATUS DISPLAY PANEL INDICATING PERFORMANCE AS AFUNCTION OF TIME WITH RECORD FEATURE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Cardiacarrest may occur anywhere in a hospital and at any time. If it shouldoccur in an intensive care unit at a time when adequate medical andnursing personnel are present, i.e., in the presence of a well equippedand well trained cardiac resuscitation team, the changes for asuccessful resuscitation are maximal. If anything less than these idealcircumstances obtain, the odds drop off rapidly.

In none but the largest medical centers is there a complete, wellequipped, well drilled, constantly available team with unchangingmembership. In most cardiac arrest situations the emergency isdiscovered by a nurse. The call for help goes out and the team is formedad hoc from physicians, nurses and technicians who happen to be presentin the hospital. They arrive in random sequence and each must evaluatethe status of the resuscitative effort before deciding if there issomething he should do. The scene, even to a physician (who may not haveattended such an effort in a month or two), is one of immense confusion,especially during the first few critical minutes.

At the present time there is no consistently effective way of organizingthe resuscitation effort. When such a situation evolves, the mostdifficult and frequently impossible service to acquire is that oftimekeeper, recorder and coordinator. Human memory of what has been doneand of times elapsed is notoriously distorted in even the coolest ofheads in this emergency situation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Under the emergency situation outlined above,the resuscigraph performs as follows:

Prior to use, several large illuminated input switch buttons are labeledwith lettered, slip-in inserts containing the names of appropriate drugsand procedures, e.g., OXY oxygen, Bl bicarbonate, EPI epinephrine, ARAaramine, XYL xylocaine, DEFIB defibrillate, PACE pacemaking and otheritems as pre-selected by the cardiologist. These can be provided at oneend of a display panel and on a smaller control unit a button board" atthe patients bed. Each switch button, when depressed, energizes an inputchannel to record the discrete act indicated by the button label, or acontinuous process beginning with the initial depression of the buttonand ending with its second depression. This pre-selection capabilitypermits variations according to the preference of the physician incharge of the given intensive care unit as to the drugs and proceduresused.

The person discovering the cardiac arrest would, as soon as the devicewas brought to the bedside of the patient and simultaneously with thegiving of the alarm, start the resuscigraph. This act initiates a timerwhich would then energize a row of lights across the bottom of a displaypanel, the lamps lighting in sequence, left to right at a rate of oneper minute. Each light remains on once lit. This gives the effect of atime bar" beginning at the left and extending further toward the rightacross the base of the display panel as time progresses. Using theabscissa of the graphic display as representing time is consistent withconventional medical and other charting and would therefore facilitateeasy reading of the display by those in attendance on the patient.

As each of the acts or functions pre-selected to be recorded isperformed, the person initiating or doing it, or an assistant orobserver, presses the appropriate switch button either on the displaypanel or on the accessory input button board at the patients bed, whichswitch button corresponds to the act or function.

With the initial depression of a selected switch button, a point oflight appears at the intersection of the horizontal line correspondingto the function button depressed and a vertical line extending upwardlyfrom the last time indicating light to have become illuminated. If thatparticular function has been pre-selected for discrete recording, noother light on that horizontal line will be lit until the button isdepressed again. If the function has been pre-selected for continuousrecording, the succeeding lights on the horizontal line will come on atintervals of 1 minute until (a) the function button is pressed again,(b) the machine is stopped or (c) 60 minutes of recording time haselapsed. lf stopped with the function button, recording can be restartedby depressing it again.

Persons arriving later at the scene, such as the anesthesiologist, theresidents, cardiologist, technicians, nursing supervisors or thepatient's physician, may ascertain by observing the display panel howmuch time has elapsed since the treatment of the cardiac arrest wascommenced and what steps have already been taken to correct it. They maythen proceed with their own roles in the effort and record theirprogress as has been set forth.

At the conclusion of the effort, a STOP button is pressed, stopping thetimer but leaving the illuminated data displayed on the panel.

Either simultaneously with the entering of data into the device, asdescribed above, or at the conclusion of the effort, the data on thedisplay panel can be transferred digitally to an accessory device, suchas a digital recorder, an X-Y plotter, a computer or intermediatestorage device. The transfer is effected into a separate recordingdevice upon depressing a RECORD button. In this manner, a permanentrecord may be made for attachment to the patients chart and forsubsequent teaching and review by the. resuscitation team. Up to thepresent time, except in very unusual circumstances, no such detailedrecord has been made during cardiac resuscitative efforts.

Subsequent to the making of the desired number of recordings to thedisplay, the CLEAR button is pressed. This turns off the power, thedisplay erases and the memory modules are cleared. The device is thenready for reuse.

Between uses a TEST button may be pressed to illuminate all of the lampson the board at once to ascertain if any lamps or circuits aredefective.

The unique quality and function of this device is in the fact that itpermits discrete acts or continuous processes to be recorded easily,quickly and almost effortlessly by the individual doing a given job, andprovides an instantaneous visual display of the information in a lucidformat and of .appropriate size for the circumstances.

It enables any member of the team to enter the information that a givenact or function has been instituted or completed by him. He may enterthe information without speaking or moving from his work position bypressing the appropriate large, labeled, illuminated switch button. Theinformation will then instantly be displayed in graphic form on anilluminated display panel of sufficient size and placement so that anyother team member may ascertain at a glance what parts of the job havealready been done and in what sequence and therefore may decide what hisown next action should be.

In its basic form, the device will display the time of performance of upto say ten different acts or functions. Each act or function may berecorded only once in any given minute over a maximum period of 60minutes by which time the effort will have either been successful orwill have been in vain.

In general, the broad object of the present invention is to provide adevice which is capable of recording the time of performance of any oneof several acts or procedures utilized in connection with attempts tocorrect a condition which has arisen under emergency circumstances.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a device which,having recorded the time of performance of various acts or procedures,retains these for eventual recordation as a permanent record.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view of adevice embodying the present invention, showing it installed on acardiac resuscitation equipment cart.

embodied in the device shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a logic diagram of the control circuit. FIG. 5 is a blockdiagram of the power switching circuit. FIG. 6 is a logic diagramshowing the record function.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A deviceembodying the presentinvention is shown in FIG. 1, the device being housed in a suitablecabinet generally designated 7 which may be located at any convenientpoint such as mounted on a cardiac resuscitation cart 9. In the 'deviceillustrated, the mechanism is designed to run for 60 minutes and toindicate intervals of l minute although it is obvioua that a shorter orlonger running period might be selected and/or that the intervals mightbe longer or shorter than I minute. Similarly, in the deviceillustrated, l0 difi'erent func- .tions are shown but here again agreater or smaller number mightbe used. 1' v Along the bottom of thedevice is located a plurality of lights, generally designated 11, therebeing 60 lights each of which indicates a l minute interval. Forinstance, the light designated 13 represents 13 minutes of elapsed timeand so on. At the left of the numbered lights is a row of push buttons14, there being one button for each row of lights. Each of the buttonsrepresents some particular technique, for'example, button 15 for oxygenand button 17 for epinephrine. A separate button board 19 can beprovided connected by a flexible cable 21 to the cabinet 7. The buttonboard 19 has thereon buttons corresponding with the buttons on the mainpanel 14 and are in parallel therewith. Thus, button 15A is in parallelwith button 15, button 17A is in parallel with button 17 and "so on.Thus, one canproduce the same function by pushing either button 15 orlSA andthe choice would only be which is the more convenient to theoperator. Naturally more than one button board 19 might be employed withcorresponding switches in parallel, or the button board could beeliminated. v I

At the left hand side of the device various switches are provided. Theseinclude a start button 23, a stop button 25, a record button 27, a clearbutton 29 and a test button 31.

It will be understood that a light bulb is provided for each row. andfor each column so that in the embodiment illustrated, 60 bulbs areemployed in each row, making a total of 600. A typical bulb isdesignated 33 and when this'bulb is lit it indicates that oxygen .wasadministered during the 27th minute of the rescue effort. i To aid in anunderstandingof the invention, the broad overall operation will first bedescribed followed by a more detailed description of the manner in whichthe device functions. To initiate the operation, one first pushes thestart button 23. This starts theelapsed time clock running so that thelights 11 switch on in succession from the left at 1 minute intervals.As some operation is commenced, one of the buttons 7 14 is depressed andthis will cause the appropriate light for that function and that minuteinterval to come on and remain on. In FIG. 1, the lights from the firstrow from minute 7 to minute 13 are shown as lit, showing-that oxygen wasadministered during that intervalfi Thus, anyone entering the room cantell at a glance what techniques have been employed and at what time andfor how long. When the emergency is over, the stop button 25 isdepressed which stops the running of the clock and the elapsed timeindicator but which leaves all of the lit buttons and lit indicatorlights on. If one now wishes to make a record of the efi'ort, the recordbutton 27 is depressed which actuates a suitable recorder such as adigital recorder, which may recordthe event on tape or.other suitablerecorder as is well known to those skilled in the art. A permanentrecord is thus preserved for further study and evaluation. Afterrecording, if this is' 'done, the clear button 29 can be depressed,clearing the board for a repetition of the cycle and turning the machineoff. From time to time between uses the testbutton 31 can be depressedand this serves to light all of the bulbs on the board, revealing anybulb which might be burned out or other malfunction, such as a defectivelamp driver. 7

device of the present invention employs a solid state switching and isexplained largely in terms'of logic functions.- However it will beunderstood that'tubes, latching'relays or the like could be used toperform the various functions.

The entering of data for memory and display is done by means of the tenfunction buttons 14 arranged vertically near.

the left border of the display panel. Each of these buttons and itsassociated horizontal row of 60 indicator lamps is circuited identicallywith the rest. When a function button 14 is pressed (e.g., button 15) acircuit is established through a current amplifier 32 to one input ofeach of 60 memory modules 34 associated with the indicator lamps (e.g.,33) in that function row. Because each memory modules input is throughan AND gate, only one which is simultaneously receiving another signalcurrent from the time module 36 will have its flipflop set and willproduce output to its lamp driver (not illustrated) and indicator lamp33.

60 time lines 38, each conditioned by its own power driver 40, eachcorresponding to 1 minute of operation of the device and each connectingto one of the AND gate inputs 34A and 34B of ten memory modules 34.These 10 memory modules are the ones associated with the indicator lampsarranged in a vertical column extending upward from the time indicatorlamp to which the time line corresponds.

Thus, for instance, during the 5th minute of operation of the device,the fifth time line will be energized by its time module and the 10memory modules serving the 10 indicator lamps vertically arranged on the5 minute" line on the face of the device will each have one of thetwoAND gate inputs activated. If, during that minute, any one of thefunction buttons is pushed, each of the memory modules associated withthe indicator lamps in its horizontal row will have the other of the ANDgate inputs activated.

However, in this caseonly one lamps memory module AND gate would havehad both inputs activated fulfilling the logical AND requirement. Thatlamp alone would have its flipflop set and would become illuminated.

Each of the function switches 14 has an associated function switchmodule which performs housekeeping on the function switch in thefollowing manner. The function switch module has a position monitoroutput which sets a storage flip-flop 42 on the first occasion thefunction button is pushed. The storage flip-flop energizes a lamp driver(not shown) which in turn lights the lamps 46 in the function button,causing it to become illuminated and to remain so throughout theremainder of the run. g

A second function switch module output is a conditioned one which isselectable for either continuous or discrete func-. 1

once when the button is pushed and once again when it is released. Ifcontinuous display is desired, the function switch will change stateonce when the button is pushed and released, and a second time when itis pushed and released again.

Regardless of which mode is selected, the function switch moduleconditioned output drives a power driver 32 which in turn energizes oneline to each of the AND gates of the memory modules of the 60 indicatorlamps in its horizontal row as described above e.g., at 34A. in additionthis conditioned output drives lamp drivers not shown that light twomore lamps 46 which are also in each function button. Hence, wheneverthe button is pushed in the discrete mode, the function button willbecome twice as bright (i.e., both 44 and 46 illuminated) acknowledging"to the user that it has been pushed. In the same way the function buttonwill become twice as bright when pushed and remain at that level ofbrightness until pushed again when the button is in the continuous mode.

A shift-register composed of the 61 time modules e.g., 36 and 36Asatisfies two basic timekeeping requirements. First it illuminates theelapsed time lamps 11 along the lower border of the display panel, oneeach minute from left to right. And second it energizes the 60 timelines 348 described above one at a time sequentially from left to right,each remaining energized for 1 minute. The 6| bit shift-register" hastwo outputs from each of its time modules. The first output is to a lampdriver (not illustrated) which when enabled remains enabled so that theelapsed time lamps ll stay on once lit. This gives the effect of a barchart indicator of elapsed time across the base of the display panel asset forth above in the general description of the device. The secondoutput is amplified by a power driver 40 and supplied via a time line348 to one AND gate input of each of the memory modules associated withthe indicator lamps vertically oriented above that time moduleselapsed-time lamp.

The internal operation of the shift register merely assures that thetime modules will be polled for their output in sequence, each for oneminutes time. This is accomplished by forcing the low end of theshift-register by lines from a "constant one signal source 48 and 50 ata shift rate of one per minute. Successive shift information is carriedbetween the time modules of the shift-register by interconnecting lines52 and 54 and is clocked by a bus 56. At the start of each run, all ofthe time modules are reset by the control logic 58. The once-a-minuteadvance of the shift-register is initiated and controlled by a signalfrom the real-time clock 60 via the start switch and through the controllogic 58. The real-time clock 60 is started by the power switching logic62 and after the device is cleared the real-time clock returns to thenull positron.

The real-time clock assembly 60 consists of a Synchronous Motor withinputs from the AC line and from the power switching logic 62 and has acam that drives a micro switch to produce contact grounding output at 1minute intervals. The motor is naturally homing but this feature isoverridden during running.

When the record button 27 is pressed, information as to the off-or-onstatus of each of the function indicator lamps on the display panel istransferred to the recorder interface 64 so that it will be available toan accessory device such as an X-Y plotter or digital recorder for thepurpose of making a permanent record. This is accomplished in a fashionvery similar to data input. But the ofi-or-on set of the flip-flop inthe indicator lamps memory module is gated out of the memory module(without changing the set of the flip-flop) instead of in. The logic ofthis AND gate states that if during any given minute say minute 5 agiven function rows indicator lamp memory module is found to be set on,an output from the memory module will be produced for routing to therecorder interface. One of the inputs to this AND gate is intrinsic,i.e., the on" set of the flip-flop. The other is extrinsic i.e., anenergized time line from a time module in the shift register. The ANDgate outputs from each of the 60 memory modules in a given horizontalfunction row are collected in a readout bus 66 and connected to readoutmodule 67. There is one readout bus for each of the 10 horizontalfunction rows. A high speed clock 68 scans the readout busessequentially and continuously during record. The recorder interfaceobtains time information directly from the time modules, i.e., it knowswhich minute 's time line is energized. It obtains data from the readoutmodule as to the results of the scanning of the readout buses by thehigh speed clock. Therefore it has obtained the data as to which, ifany, function indicator lamps were on during any given minute ofoperation. This is all that is required for a permanent record to beproduced by an accessory device.

The record button may be pressed either at the start of a run or at itsconclusion. In the former case the time-line advance will occur in theusual one line per minute fashion under the control of the real-timeclock. Readout will occur simultaneously with data input. If the recordbutton is pressed at the end of a run when the real-time clock has beenstopped, a separate output from the high speed clock 68 will advance theshift register at high speed. The high-speed clock control module 70will then coordinate matters so that there is a time line advancefollowed by scanning of the 10 readout'buses, transmission of the dateto the recorder interface and another time line advance. The wholereadout process will take only several seconds under these conditions.

Pressing the start button 23 energizes the power switching logic 62 andthe device latches into the power-on-state. The control module 58 willcause the elapsed time circuits to begin to operate as described aboveand the start button lamps will become illuminated.

Either when the end of the hour is reached or when the stop button 25 isdepressed, the function switch modules and the real-time clock aredisabled by the control logic 58 and the lamps 25A inside the stopbutton become illuminated.

Pressing the clear button 29 will have no effect until the record button27 has been pressed at least once. If that has been done, pressing theclear button causes a request to be sent to control logic 58 to clearthe device. If the device has been stopped and the record button pressedat least once, control logic acknowledges the request by dropping powerfrom the device.

When the device is in the power-off state, pressing the test button 31will bring power up, illuminate the lamps in the test button 31A, setall the function switch memory modules to on," and advance through theshift-register using the high speed clock. This will have the effect ofilluminating all the function indicator lamps and will test much of theassociated circuitry. The calibrate switch 72 will have the same effectexcept that at the end of each sweep across the display panel, time andmemory modules will be reset, then rescanned until the switch isreturned to the off position.

The control logic module is shown in the logic diagram of FlG. 4. Whenthe start pushbutton 23 is pushed, power is brought up on the machine.The logic part of the start switch, is enabled and provides a groundsignal for logic operation. If one of the test buttons 31 had beenpushed and brings the power up, a gate 72 insures that the start buttonis inhibited. [f the start button is the one that brings the power up,the power switching logic disables the test button 31. If the startpushbutton is the one initiating operation then the logical groundproduced by the start switch sets a flip-flop. This signal line isnormally biased high by a resistor 74. The flip-flop consists of twoNAND gates 76 and 78 cross-coupled. This flip-flop remembers the factthat the machine is in the normal operating mode. This allows thereal-time clock 60 to energize the clock line by means of an AND gate80, a NOR gate 82, and a power driver-84.'The start light 23A is alsolit. The flip-flop is reset by an AND gate 86 working as a negativelogic OR 88. This functions as an or" for the stop button or time line.Time line 60 is normally high and goes low at the end of an hours run.The stop signal line is normally held positive by a resistor 90. Thisflip-flop is also reset by power on."

There is an auxiliary flip-flop used to remember that the machine hasbeen in the normal operation mode after the operation has stopped. Thisflip-flop consists of two NOR gates 92 and 94 cross-coupled andinitially reset. lf the normal run flip-flop 76-78 is reset, (operationstopped) then this fact is anded with the fact that the run was normalto light the stop light. A separate flip-flop 96 and 98 records the factthat the record button has been pushed. The record request memory,together with the termination of a normal run are functionally anded" at100 to light the clear light that signities that the clear gate isenabled at 102. The clearbutton line normally is held high by means of aresistor 104. When the clear gate 102 is satisfied, the power is droppedfrom the machine. The function switches are enabled by 104 during anormal run. If the power is off the machine, a ground through line 106is supplied to the test and calibrate buttons 31 and 72. If either oneof the buttonsis pushed, power is brought up on the machine and the highspeed clock is enabled through 108. Both the test and calibrate buttonlines are held high by resistors 107 and 109. The high speed clockoutput from line 112 is then allowed to advance the time modules throughgates 114 and 82. The high speed clock is not illustrated in detail butbriefly it includes a unijunction oscillator operating at a 5001!: rate.The timing is determined by a R-C circuit. The output pulse is carriedto a Schmidt Trigger which shapes the pulse for subsequent logic. Theoutput of the Schmidt Trigger drives a binary counter which is coupledto a binary to decimal decoder. The decoder provides outputs and theoutput nine is also taken out to a separate line 112. The functionswitches are also set in this mode'through amplifier 116. There is anadditional set of gates 118 used to recycle the test-operation for thecalibrate switch 72. This is done by resetting the switch and memorymodules through 120 and l22 and the time modules through 124 and 126when time module is set through 118. if a permanent record is requested27 the recorder status is tested. If the recorder is connected through128 a gate 130 is used to set the record flip-flop. This flip-flopconsists of two NOR gates 132 and 134 cross-coupled. lf the recorder isnot'connected a gate 136 is used to reset a timer 138. This timerconsists of an RC network that is allowed to charge when the timerflip-flop is reset and the record button is released. This last is doneso that the disconnected recorder indication of a flashing record buttonlamp 144 will extend over -30 seconds. The record light 144 comes oncontinuously when the record flip-flop 146 is set. The setting of therecord flip-flop also enables the high speed clock through gate 108.There is a gate 148 that allows the record flip-flop to be set if therecorder is connected while the timer is running. A gate 150 is used todetect that the recorder is connected and the machine is not in thenormal run mode. This then allows the high speed clock output numbernine to the clock line through amplifier 154 and gate 114. This alsoresets the time modules through 152, 124 and 126 so'the memory modulesmay be rescanned for readout. A power-on reset circuit starts themachine and includes 156, 158 and 160.

The high speed clock control is shown in FIG. 6 and was previouslydesignated 70. The stop" requestsfrom the 10 readout modules are broughtinto an expanded OR gate 162A through D. This is then put into an ANDgate 164 with information from 133 that a permanent recording is wanted.The

output of this gate gives a command through the line 167 to the recorderinterface to print. It also disables the high speed clock through 166and 168.

The power switching logic previously generally designated 62, is shownin FIG. 5. The input power from the 117 VAC mains is brought into theunit ready to be applied to the machine power supplies. lf the startbutton 23 is pushed with power 011', the power is applied throughcontacts 170, 172 and either the test button 31 or calibrate button 72.But in this case Relay 178 is not latched. A separate set of contacts onRelay 180 is used to enable" the real-time clock at 186. The logic testfunctions are enabled by means of Relay 178 being not latched. Weclaim: 1. A memory and display device comprising in combination: a. aplurality of rows of indicators, b. said rows being arranged in aplurality of columns whereby a matrix is formed, c. a number of ANDgates corresponding to the number of indicators each having an output,the output of each AND gate controlling one of said indicators,

d. a real-time clock producing a series of timed output pulses, each ofsaid output pulses having means to actuate one input of all of the ANDgates ina single column, and means whereby successive pulses actuatesuccessively each column in turn,

e. a plurality of manual function switches, each function a 2. Thestructure of claim 1 wherein 60 columns of indicators are provided ineach row, said indicators being active at 1 minute intervals.

3. The structure of claim 1 wherein a storage device isincorporated withsaid matrix whereby at the end of a cycle a record can be made showingthe period during which each of said indicators was activated.

4. The structure of claim 3 wherein each of the function switches has afirst mode of action and a second mode, said first mode closing acontact only while the switch is depressed and said second mode keepinga contact closed until the switch is pressed a second time.

5. The structure of claim 1 wherein the display device is mounted in ahousing with a first set of function switches thereon and having aremote button board with a plurality of function switches in parallelwith the switches on the display device.

6. The structure of claim 1 wherein the matrix consists of 10 rows ofindicators and 10 function switches, each of said function switchescontrolling one of said row.

I s s s s s

1. A memory and display device comprising in combination: a. a pluralityof rows of indicators, b. said rows being arranged in a plurality ofcolumns whereby a matrix is formed, c. a number of AND gatescorresponding to the number of indicators each having an output, theoutput of each AND gate controlling one of said indicators, d. areal-time clock producing a series of timed output pulses, each of saidoutput pulses having means to actuate one input of all of the AND gatesin a single column, and means whereby successive pulses actuatesuccessively each column in turn, e. a plurality of manual functionswitches, each function switch corresponding to one of said rows, eachof said function switches actuating the other input of each of the ANDgates in the row corresponding to said switch whereby, f. one or more ofsaid function switches caN be closed at any time causing an indicator toactuate corresponding to the time at which said switch is closed andsaid indicator will continue to stay actuated as the clock pulses passto successive columns.
 2. The structure of claim 1 wherein 60 columns ofindicators are provided in each row, said indicators being active at 1minute intervals.
 3. The structure of claim 1 wherein a storage deviceis incorporated with said matrix whereby at the end of a cycle a recordcan be made showing the period during which each of said indicators wasactivated.
 4. The structure of claim 3 wherein each of the functionswitches has a first mode of action and a second mode, said first modeclosing a contact only while the switch is depressed and said secondmode keeping a contact closed until the switch is pressed a second time.5. The structure of claim 1 wherein the display device is mounted in ahousing with a first set of function switches thereon and having aremote button board with a plurality of function switches in parallelwith the switches on the display device.
 6. The structure of claim 1wherein the matrix consists of 10 rows of indicators and 10 functionswitches, each of said function switches controlling one of said row.